Page 13 - Dr Stephanie Seneff - Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of the mRNA Vaccines Against COVID - 19

In an extended correspondence published in Nature Biotechnology, Eroshenko et. al. offer a
comprehensive review of evidence suggesting that ADE could become manifest with any
vaccinations employed against SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, they note that ADE has been observed
with coronavirus vaccines tested in both in vitro and in vivo models (Eroshenko et al., 2020). Others
have warned about the same possibility with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A theory for how ADE might
occur in the case of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine suggests that non-neutralizing antibodies form immune
complexes with viral antigens to provoke excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and, in
the extreme case, a cytokine storm causing widespread local tissue damage (Lee et al., 2020). One
extensive review of ADE potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines noted, “At present, there
are no known clinical findings, immunological assays or biomarkers that can differentiate any severe
viral infection from immune-enhanced disease, whether by measuring antibodies, T cells or intrinsic
host responses” (Arvin et al. 2020; Liu et al., 2019). We will return to this point again below.

Preexisting immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, induced by prior vaccination, contribute to severe
pulmonary damage by SARS-CoV in macaques (Liu et al., 2019). Peron and Nakaya (2020) provide
evidence suggesting that the much more diverse range of prior exposures to coronaviruses
experienced by the elderly might predispose them to ADE upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2. A
concerning pre-print article reported that plasma from 76% of patients who had recovered from
severe COVID-19 disease, when added to cultures of SARS-CoV-2 and susceptible cells, exhibited
enhanced ability for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection of Raji cells (Wu et al., 2020). The authors note that
“the antibody titers [against the spike protein] were higher in elderly patients of COVID-19, and
stronger antibody response was associated with delayed viral clearance and increased disease severity
in patients. Hence it is reasonable to speculate that S protein-specific antibodies may contribute to
disease severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection.” (Wu et al., 2020)

It has been reported that all three US vaccine manufacturers – Moderna, Pfizer, and Johnson &
Johnson – are working to develop booster shots (Zaman 2021).With tens of millions of young adults
and even children now with vaccine-induced coronavirus spike protein antibodies, there exists the
possibility of triggering ADE related to either future SARS-CoV-2 infection or booster injection
among this younger population. Time will tell.

The mRNA vaccines ultimately deliver the highly antigenic spike protein to antigen-presenting cells.
As such, monoclonal antibodies against the spike protein are the expected outcome of the currently
deployed mRNA vaccines. Human spike protein monoclonal antibodies were found to produce high
levels of cross-reactive antibodies against endogenous human proteins (Vojdani et. al., 2021;
reviewed in more detail below). Given evidence only partially reviewed here, there is sufficient
reason to suspect that antibodies to the spike protein will contribute to ADE provoked by prior
SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, which may manifest as either acute or chronic autoimmune
and inflammatory conditions. We have noted above that it is not possible to distinguish an ADE
manifestation of disease from a true, non-ADE viral infection. In this light it is important to
recognize that, when diseases and deaths occur shortly after vaccination with an mRNA vaccine, it
can never be definitively determined, even with a full investigation, that the vaccine reaction was not
a proximal cause.

International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research 2(1), May 10, 2021 Page | 401