Page 18 - Dr Stephanie Seneff - Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of the mRNA Vaccines Against COVID - 19

muscular injection site. Disturbingly, it also reaches into the brain, although at much lower levels
(Bahl et al., 2017). The European Medicines Agency assessment report for the Moderna vaccine also
noted that mRNA could be detected in the brain following intramuscular administration at about
2% of the level found in the plasma (European Medicines Agency, 2021).

In another experiment conducted to track the biodistribution pathway of RNA vaccines, a rabies
RNA vaccine was administered intramuscularly to rats in a single dose. The vaccine included a code
for an immunogenic rabies protein as well as the code for RNA polymerase and was formulated as
an oil-in-water nanoemulsion. Thus, it is not entirely representative of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA
vaccines. Nevertheless, its intramuscular administration and its dependence on RNA uptake by
immune cells likely means that it would migrate through the tissues in a similar pathway as the
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The authors observed an enlargement of the draining lymph nodes, and tissue
studies revealed that the rabies RNA appeared initially at the injection site and in the draining lymph
nodes within one day, and was also found in blood, lungs, spleen and liver (Stokes et al., 2020).
These results are consistent with the above study on influenza mRNA vaccines.
Finally, a study comparing luciferase-expressing mRNA nanoparticles with luciferase-expressing
mRNA dendritic cells as an alternative approach to vaccination revealed that the luciferase signal
reached a broader range of lymphoid sites with the nanoparticle delivery mechanism. More
importantly, the luciferase signal was concentrated in the spleen for the nanoparticles compared to
dominance in the lungs for the dendritic cells (Firdessa-Fite and Creuso, 2020).

2. Immune Thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has emerged as an important complication of COVID-19
(Bhattacharjee and Banerjee, 2020). In many cases, it emerges after full recovery from the disease,
i.e, after the virus has been cleared, suggesting it is an autoimmune phenomenon. A likely pathway
by which ITP could occur following vaccination is through the migration of immune cells carrying a
cargo of mRNA nanoparticles via the lymph system into the spleen. These immune cells would
produce spike protein according to the code in the nanoparticles, and the spike protein would
induce B cell generation of IgG antibodies to it.

ITP appears initially as petechiae or purpura on the skin, and/or bleeding from mucosal surfaces. It
has a high risk of fatality through haemorrhaging and stroke. ITP is characterized by both increased
platelet destruction and reduced platelet production, and autoantibodies play a pivotal role (Sun and
Shan, 2019). Platelets are coated by anti-platelet antibodies and immune complexes, and this induces
their clearance by phagocytes.

Particularly under conditions of impaired autophagy, the resulting signaling cascade can also result in
suppression of production of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, which are the precursor cells for
platelet production (Sun and Shan, 2019). A case study of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 is
revealing because he developed sudden onset thrombocytopenia a couple of days after he had been
released from the hospital based on a negative COVID-19 nucleic acid test. Following this
development, it was verified that the patient had a reduced number of platelet-producing
megakaryocytes, while autoimmune antibodies were negative, suggesting a problem with platelet
production rather than platelet destruction (Chen et al., 2020).

International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research 2(1), May 10, 2021 Page | 406