Page 26 - Dr Stephanie Seneff - Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of the mRNA Vaccines Against COVID - 19
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strains could potentially spread very quickly within an exposed population (Kemp et al., 2021).
               Indeed, a similar process might plausibly be at work to produce the highly contagious new strains
               that are now appearing in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Brazil.

               There are at least two concerns that we have regarding this experiment, in relation to the mRNA
               vaccines. The first is that, via continued infection of immune-compromised patients, we can expect
               continued emergence of more novel strains that are resistant to the antibodies induced by the
               vaccine, such that the vaccine may quickly become obsolete, and there may well be demands for the
               population  to undergo another mass vaccination campaign. Already a published study by
               researchers from Pfizer has shown that vaccine effectiveness is reduced for many of these variant
               strains. The vaccine was only 2/3 as effective against the South African strain as against the original
               strain (Liu et al., 2021).

               The second more ominous consideration is to ponder what will happen with an immune-
               compromised patient following vaccination. It is conceivable that they will respond to the vaccine by
               producing antibodies, but those antibodies will be unable to contain the disease following exposure
               to COVID-19 due to impaired function of cytotoxic T cells. This scenario is not much different
               from the administration of convalescent plasma to immune-compromised patients, and so it might
               engender the evolution of antibody-resistant strains in the same way, only on a much grander scale.
               This possibility will surely be used to argue for repeated rounds of vaccines every few months, with
               increasing numbers of viral variants coded into the vaccines.  This is an arms race that we will
               probably lose.


               Potential for Permanent Incorporation of Spike Protein Gene into human DNA
               It has been claimed that mRNA-based vaccines are safer than DNA-vectored vaccines that work by
               incorporating the genetic code for the target antigenic protein into a DNA virus, because the RNA
               cannot become inadvertently incorporated into the human genome. However, it is not at all clear
               that this is true. The classic model of DNA → RNA → protein is now known to be false. It is now
               indisputable that there is a large class of viruses called retroviruses that carry genes that reverse
               transcribe RNA back into complementary DNA (cDNA).  In 1975, Howard Temin, Renato
               Dulbecco, and David Baltimore shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1975 for their
               discovery of reverse transcriptase and its synthesis by retroviruses (such as human
               immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) to derive DNA from RNA (Temin and Mizutani, 1970, Baltimore,
               1970).

               Much later, it was discovered that reverse transcriptase is not unique to retroviruses. More than a
               third of the human genome is devoted to mysterious mobile DNA elements called SINEs and
               LINEs (short and long interspersed nuclear elements, respectively). LINEs provide reverse
               transcriptase capabilities to convert RNA into DNA, and SINEs provide support for integrating the
               DNA into the genome. Thus, these elements provide the tools needed to convert RNA into DNA
               and incorporate it into the genome so as to maintain the new gene through future generations
               (Weiner, 2002).

               SINEs and LINEs are members of a larger class of genetic elements called retrotransposons.
               Retrotransposons can copy and paste their DNA to a new site in the genome via an RNA

                              International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research 2(1), May 10, 2021 Page | 414
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